Useful Economic and Financial Indicators with Links:            Page 4

 

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PAGE 4: Shipping indices and Shipping industry

 

Getting Started

The best places to visit to have an introduction to the shipping world are probably the following ones:

http://www.container-transportation.com

http://www.shippingwiki.com

http://www.maritimeknowhow.com/English/   

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containerschiff  (in German)  or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_ship (in English)

http://www.marisec.org/shippingfacts/

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieferung (in German) or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping (in English)

In general, the German websites about the shipping industry are the most complete and detailed: this should not come as a surprise, since Germany has the largest container ship  fleet:


Largest container ship fleet
by owner nationality (from  the German  Wikipedia - Data at the 31 December 2009)
Country Ships in thousands of TEUs in million dwt TEUs share
First Germany Germany 1742 ships 4514 58.9 35.2%
Second Japan Japan 317 ships 1139 14.5 8.9%
Third Denmark Denmark 243 ships 1075 15.0 8.4%
4th China China 313 ships 696 9.4 5.4%
5th Republic of China Republic of China 197 ships 633 8.0 4.9%
6th Greece Greece 188 ships 612 8.2 4.8%
7th Singapore Singapore 170 ships 400 5.4 3.1%
8th France France 86 ships 382 4.7 3.0%
9th South Korea South Korea 127 vessels 329 4.4 2.6%
10th Hong Kong Hong Kong 57 ships 246 3.0 1.9%
Other 1229 ships 2792 37.5 21.8%


For a detailed and recent review of maritime transport see the Review of Maritime Transport published by UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development):

http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Startpage.asp?intItemID=2614

(from the UNCTAD official webpage): "The Review of Maritime Transport is one of UNCTAD's flagship publications, published annually since 1968. It reports on the worldwide evolution of shipping, ports and multimodal transport related to the major traffics of liquid bulk, dry bulk and containers. Every issue provides:
-Tonnage loaded in world ports and developments of the world merchant fleet;
- Major events affecting sea transport of crude oil, oil products, iron ore, coal, grain, bauxite/alumina and rock phosphate;
- Indexes and average freight rates for major traffics and routes;
- Total freight costs by country groups;
- Port developments;
- Trade and transport efficiency developments;
- Review of transport developments in one region.
A number of tables containing information such as the top 20 container carriers and the top 20 world container ports are also provided, together with statistical annexes of country fleet size by major ship categories."

 

Shipping  Indices: Brief Introduction

I report below the nice introduction published on  http://www.container-transportation.com/shipping-indices.html:, which gives a very good compact view on shipping indices and their interpretation:

" SHIPPING INDICES:
How do
we know the current situation of shipping market? Well, shipping indices can effectively help us assess the market status. Is market doing good or bad? Is it going up or down? Some reliable indicators can help us to answer our questions. A pretty simple rule is: increasing indices suggests better markets, and vice versa. As a shipping carrier (like shiping lines or NVOCC), you are likely to keep abreast of changes in shipping market. To another extent, shippers, international traders and other shipping-related parties: forwarders, port operators also care for these market indicators, because the numbers may affects directly to their organizations’ expenses and revenue.

BALTIC DRY INDEX:
In maritime shipping world, people are usually quite familiar with
Baltic Dry Index (BDI), which reflects the cost of chartering (hiring) vessels for transporting major raw materials. The index covers dry bulk and tanker, but not container market... (I report more on BDI below)

CONTAINER SHPPING INDICES:
In container shipping segment, there’s no such a unified index to use thoroughly as BDI. In other words, there’re many indices reflecting container transport market at the same time. Usually, large consultant or broker companies compile their own indices. There’re 2 types using in container shipping industry: freight rate and charter rate indices. I list main indices below.

  Charter rate indexes include:
   - Clarkson - Howe Robinson Index
   - Harpex
   - Maersk Broker Container Index
   - Braemar BOXi Index
   - Containership Time Charter Assessment Index
(now known as Old Contex index)
 
- New Contex index (this substituted the previous one)
  
  Freight rate indexes include:
  - China Containerized Freight Index
  - Shanghai Containerized Freight Index
  - Drewry Container Freight Rate Index, published weekly on the JoC's By The Numbers page. This reports on the spot market (read: the rates that ocean carriers give to NVOCCs). If you follow it regularly, it gives you a pretty good idea of what the rate trends are. Combined with other information such as volume trends and economic forecasts, it can provide insights not only on trends, but on how people in the industry think and act.
"

 

Baltic Exchange Indices

The Baltic Exchange is the world's only independent source of maritime market information for the trading and settlement of physical and derivative contracts. Its international community of over 550 members encompasses the majority of world shipping interests and commits to a code of business conduct overseen by the Baltic.
The exchange publishes six daily indices:

The exchange also provides forward curves, dry cargo fixture list, daily news and settlement data. See the official Baltic Exchange Webpage as well as Wikipedia for more details.

 The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is a number issued daily by the London-based Baltic Exchange. Not restricted to Baltic Sea countries, the index tracks worldwide international shipping prices of various dry bulk cargoes. The index provides "...an assessment of the price of moving the major raw materials by sea. Taking in 26 shipping routes measured on a timecharter and voyage basis, the index covers Handymax, Panamax, and Capesize dry bulk carriers carrying a range of commodities including coal, iron ore and grain.(from the official Baltic Exchange web page)".

Every working day, a panel of international shipbrokers submits their view of current freight cost on various routes to the Baltic Exchange. The routes are meant to be representative, i.e. large enough in volume to matter for the overall market. These rate assessments are then weigthed together to create both the overall BDI and the sizespecific Supramax, Panamax, , Capesize and Handysize indices. See Wikipedia and Wikinvest for more details.

Index

type

vessel size

cargo

BCI

bulk carrier

       172,000 dwt

                         iron ore, coal

BPI

bulk carrier

         74,000 dwt

                              coal, grain

BSI

bulk carrier

         52,000 dwt

         grain, fertilizer, coal etc.

BHSI

bulk carrier

        28,000 dwt

         steel, fertilizer, grain etc.

BDTI

tanker

105-300,000 dwt

                               crude oil

BCTI

tanker

    22-75,000 dwt

                           oil products

BLPG

gas tanker

         57,000 cbm

           LPG, butane, methane

Palm Oil

veg oil tanker

         47,000 dwt

                                 palm oil

ConTex

container vessel

    1100-2500 teu

                              container

HAX

container vessel

     299-3400 teu

                              container

SCFI

container

        20' container

               containerised goods


(Note 1: Deadweight tonnage -often abbreviated as DWT for deadweight tonnes- is the displacement at any loaded condition minus the lightship weight. It includes the crew, passengers, cargo, fuel, water, and stores. It is often expressed in long tons or in metric tons. See "Tonnage" in Wikipedia fore more details.

Note 2:  The twenty-foot equivalent unit (often TEU or teu) is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used to describe the capacity of container ships and container terminals. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box which can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains and trucks. See Wikipedia for details.

Note 3: cbm in this case stands for cubic meter.)

BALTIC DRY INDEXES: CHARTS

                  Baltic Dry Index                                                 Baltic Capesize Index                                        Baltic Panamax Index                                       Baltic Supramax Index
            (chart from Bloomberg L.P.)                              (chart from Bloomberg L.P.)                                  (chart from Bloomberg)                                      (chart from Bloomberg)

                    

Baltic Dirty Tanker Index (chart rom Bloomberg L.P.)                Baltic Clean Tanker Index (chart from Bloomberg L.P.)             Baltic Handysize Index (chart from Bloomberg L.P.)

                                                                                       

For the latest quotes and some interactive charts about the BDI and other Baltic Exchange daily indexes see http://navigatemag.ru/indices

The first place where the latest Baltic Dry indices are reported for free  is here.

 

Howe Robinson Container Index

The Howe Robinson Container Index (HRCI) represents the container market charter rates (cost of renting a ship for a day) and is published by the broker company Howe Robinson & Co. Ltd based in London. The company was founded in 1883 and is considered one of the world's largest independent brokerage firms for container ships and bulk carriers . Howe Robinson & Co. Ltd. is a member of the Baltic Exchange in London. A total of 14 classes of ships, from feeder ships (510 TEUs ) to Panamax (4,300 TEU) are considered .  Based on the individual indices for each class, an overall index then is created. More information at the German wikipedia and ShippingWiki.com

The latest charts and data about the HRCI can be found at:

Data at the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI)
Data from the Korea Shipowners' Association (KSA)
Data and chart from the Korea Shipping Gazette (KSG)
Data from Carsten Rehder
Data and chart at Lloyd's List
Chart at Ocean Partners Shipping

 

(New) Contex Index

(From Bloomberg:) The New ConTex is a Container Ship Time Charter Assessment Index. It is a company-independent index which is calculated as an equivalent weight of percentage change from six ConTex assessments, which are for the classes of Type 1100 TEU, Type 1700 TEU, Type 2500 TEU, Type 2700, Type 3500 and Type 4250. The index starting point is 1000. New ConTex is compiled by a group of international operating brokers and is updated twice a week. The data source is Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V. (VHSS), the Hamburg Shipbroker's Association. As of May 11 2010, the ConTex index expanded to include new size ranges (Type 2700, Type 3500 and Type 4250) and was renamed New ConTex. 
More detailed information can be found in the website of the Hamburg Shipbrokers' Association (VHSS)

 

                New Contex Index  (link from Bloomberg)                                                      
                   

 

Harpex Index

The Harpex index  is computed by the ship  broker Harper Petersen & Co based. in Hamburg. It was originally developed in 2004 and was revised in 2011 to update and improve the method of  its calculation to better represent the current container charter market. Based on the new methodology,the index is reported each calendar week, and is now based on rate assessments taken from the following seven classes of ships:

Index Loading capacity 
in TEUs
Capacity 
in dwt
Cargo gear Speed 
​​in knots
Class 1 700 8400 no 17
Class 2 1100 14 000 yes 19
Class 3 1700 22 000 yes 19
Class 4 2500 34 000 yes 22
Class 5 2700 37 000 no 22
Class 6 3500 42 000 no 22
Class 7 4250 50 000 no 23

More detailed information can be found at the Harper Petersen 's website or at the German Wikipedia.

                             (chart from Harper and Petersen)

Hosted by uCoz

 

Braemar Seascope Indices and Shipping Research

Braemar Seascope is one of the largest chartering and sale and purchase shipbroking companies in the world.  Its researchers develop extensive databases and use a comprehensive variety of shipping information to measure and model forecast commodities, trade and the supply and demand for tonnage and commodities. It also offers a wide range of indices which cover the whole maritime market (including the Braemar BOXi Index).
See its Market Information webpage for a lot of data about the current situation of the shipping industry. Some of its plots are reported below:

(chart from Braemar Seascope)  

 (chart from Braemar Seascope)  

(chart from Braemar Seascope)  

(chart from Braemar Seascope)  
 

 

Shanghai (Export) Containerized Freight Index (SCFI)

(from ChineseShipping.com.cn) "
I. General Conditions of SCFI

 
 The SCFI reflects the spot rates of Shanghai export container transport market, which includes both freight rates (indices) of 15 individual shipping routes and the comprehensive index.   
  i. Freight rates of individual shipping routes:
   
The freight indices show the ocean freight and surcharges of individual shipping routes on the spot market, where: the routes cover all major regions of trade
    flow and export containers from Shanghai, namely Europe, Mediterranean Sea, US west coast, US east coast, Persian Gulf, Australia/New Zealand, West Africa, South Africa, South America, West
    Japan, East Japan, Southeast Asia, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong.  
 Ports of destination: base ports of the route, e.g. Mediterranean Sea—Barcelona/Valencia/Genoa/Naples; Europe—Hamburg/Rotterdam/Antwerp/Felixstowe/Le Havre; USWC—Los Angeles/Long
                                   Beach/Oakland; USEC—New York/Savannah/Norfolk/ Charleston; West Japan—Osaka/Kobe; East Japan—Tokyo/Yokohama  
 Price type: the evaluated price of mainstream (mode) trading price for general shippers on the spot market, which is not influenced by the specialty of ship’s type, ship’s age, carrier or transport volume.
    Surcharges: BAF/FAF, EBS/EBA, CAF/YAS, PSS, WRS, PCS, SCS/SCF/PTF/PCC, etc…to be included. THC, port facility security surcharge, South China origin place surcharge, US automatic
                       customs declaration fee, inland on-carriage surcharge, etc…to be excluded.  
 Unit: USD/TEU (USD/FEU for US west coast and east coast services)   
    Trade and transport term: export CIF, CY-CY   
    Container type/cargo description: general dry cargo container (general cargo for US west coast and east coast services)   

  ii. Comprehensive index: The basis comprehensive index is 1,000 points with October 16th 2009 as the base period.

II. Freight Information Collection and Panelists  
    The freight information for SCFI compilation is reported by CCFI panelists, including liner companies, shippers and freight forwarding agents.     All member panelists are world-renowned enterprises or
    firms with outstanding performances and fame in certain fields. At present, 15 panelists of liner companies and 17 panelists of shippers/freight forwarders provide the freight information. The detailed name
    list is as follows:  
 Panelists of liner companies (in the alphabetic order of English abbreviations): CMA-CGM, COSCO, CSCL, HANJIN, HASCO, HLAG, JINJIANG, K-LINE, MAERSK, MOL, NYK, OOCL, PIL,
    SINOTRANS and SITC.
 Panelists of shippers/ freight forwarders (in the alphabetic order of English): COSCO Logistics (Shanghai) , JHJ International Transportation Co., Ltd. , Orient International Logistics (Holding) Co., Ltd. ,
    Shanghai Asian Development Int’l Trans Pu Dong Co., Ltd. ,  Shanghai Ever-leading International , Shanghai Huaxing International Container Freight Transportation Co., Ltd. , Shanghai Jinchang Logistics
    Co., Ltd. , Shanghai Orient Express International Logistics Co., Ltd. , Shanghai Richhood International Logistics Co., Ltd. , Shanghai Shenda International Transportation Co., Ltd. , Shanghai Viewtrans
    Co., Ltd. ,  SIPG Logistics Co., Ltd. , Sinotrans Eastern Co., Ltd. , Sunshine-Quick Group , UBI Logistics (China) Ltd. , Shanghai Sijin International Transportation Co.,Ltd. , Shanghai Syntrans    
    International Logistics Co.,Ltd. .

III. Index Compilation and Publication  
 
 i. Freight calculation of individual shipping routes   
     The freight rate of individual shipping route is the arithmetic mean value of all freight rates of this route. Freight information of at least five panelists is required for the shipping route with less than 5%
     weighting; at least six panelists are required for the route of 5%-10% weighting and seven panelists for 10%-15% weighting route and eight panelists for a 15% weighting route. 
&    
     Where: i = route, j = sampling company, n = number of sampling companies on the route i  

 ii. Calculation of comprehensive index:The comprehensive index is the weighted average of all routes: the average spot freight rate is divided by average rate of base period, multiplies weighting of routes
    and base period index (sum). 
   
   Where: i = route, m = number of the route, Wi = weighting of route i   

   iii. Index publication   
  
The CCFI is publicized by SSE at 15:00 (Beijing Time) on each date of publication. Users may log on to the websites of SSE to get the updated freight index information.
   The date of publication is generally each Friday and will be adjusted in legal holidays. The specific dates will be made known to public by SSE. If necessary and reasonable, SSE may postpone or cancel the publication.

   IV. Official Statement   
  
SSE is a non-profit institution sponsored by the government to provide exchange premise, facilities and information of shipping industry, which pursues the principles of “Fairness, Openness and
   Impartiality” and maintains independent and authoritative status in shipping circle.  
   SSE will compile and publicize the freight indices in strict conformity with the Articles of Association for China Containerized Freight Index Compiling Panel and the Rules of CCFI Compilation.  "

 

 

China (Export) Containerized Freight Index  (CCFI)

(from ChineseShipping.com.cn) " Freight index serves as the barometer of the shipping market and thus is widely applied. To meet the demand of fast developing China's container transport market, China (Export) Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) sponsored by the Ministry of Communications of PRC and formulated by Shanghai Shipping Exchange was firstly publicized on April 13th 1998.   
   During the past decade, CCFI has fully exerted its function of reflecting market tendency and therefore evoked worldwide repercussions with considerable economic and social effects. Owing to its scientific and authoritative approach, CCFI is deemed as the second world freight index following the Baltic Dry Bulk Freight Index and has been cited as authoritative statistics by the shipping annals of UNCTAD.  
    CCFI objectively shows the container transport market and bridges China's shipping market to the world circle, which provides well-founded information to decision-makers of various shipping and trade enterprises as well as the governmental agency in charge of macro-economic regulation and control, thus attracting great attention of mass media and the related research and consulting institutes.   

     Formulation and publication of CCFI:    
     1. Basic period. CCFI took January 1, 1998 as the basic period with the basic index of 1,000 points.    
     2. Selection of sample trade lines. As per the three major principles of typicality, relativity and regional layout, 11 shipping lines were chosen as the samples, namely Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Australia & New Zealand, Mediterranean, Europe, East and West Africa, USWC, USEC and South Africa & South America services. Their ports of departure in China include ten hub ports i.e. Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Nanjing, Ningbo, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Shenzhen and Guangzhou.
     3. Collection of freight information. At present, 15 domestic and foreign shipping companies with high international prestige and large market shares voluntarily established the freight rate formulation committee. They are (in English alphabetical order): CMA-CGM, COSCO Container Lines, China Shipping Container Lines, Hanjin Shipping, Hapag-Lloyd, Kline, Maersk, MOL, NYK, OOCL, PIL, Shanghai Hai Hua Shipping, Shanghai Jin Jiang Shipping, Sinotrans Container Lines and SITC Container Lines.
     4. Publication: Shanghai Shipping Exchange issues CCFI and the individual freight indexes of 11 shipping lines on each Friday. "

(From the FAQ of  ChineseShipping.com.cn) " 3. What is the main difference between SCFI and CCFI?
      1) Different geographic scope: SCFI composite index reflects the export container market in Shanghai with the freight rates of individual routes showing port-to-port freight level; CCFI composite index
          reflects China’s nationwide export container transport with the indices of individual routes showing the ups and downs of the entire shipping routes.
      2) Different target market: SCFI targets at the spot rates of Shanghai export container transport market, which is more sensitive and seasonable; CCFI targets the overall freight level (including spot
          and long-term rates) of China’s export container transport market, which is more comprehensive and macroeconomic. "

 

 

China Coastal Bulk Freight Index (CBFI) /strong> 

(from ChineseShipping.com.cn)  "For fully reflecting the fluctuation of Chinese coastal transport market, the SSE officially initiated China Coastal Bulk Freight Index (CBFI) on 28th November 2001 under the guidance of MOT. This new tool also better displays the market situation during the period of water transport pricing system reform, and boost the sound development of China Coastal Shipping market.     The publication of CBFI heralded the advent of brand new freight index system in China. As the barometer of the market, CBFI promptly reflects the freight changes, which helps the facilitation of the macro-regulation and control of coastal transport market by the government and provides updated market information to the shipping companies, shippers, trade enterprises, ports, agents, etc.
     For acclimatizing the changes of the domestic transport market, the adjustment plan of CBFI was approved by the Fourth Plenary Meeting of CBFI on 24th April 2007. This plan included two parts: 1) Trade routes and ship type adjustment and optimization, sample companies augment will be conducted on 18th May 2007.2) Firstly issue the spot freight rate of the independent trade routes. 
    On 12th July 2011, the second adjustment plan of the CBFI was approved by the Eighth Plenary Meeting of CBFI. Trade routes and ship type adjustment and optimization, sample companies augment were within the agenda once again. Besides, two more decisions were passed in the meeting:1) The CBCFI will be publicized every day since 7th 12 2011;2) The publish time of weekly index will be adjusted to each Friday since 9th 12 2011.

Formulation and publication of CBFI:

1. Basic period. CBFI took January 2000 as the basic period with the basic index of 1,000 points.

2. Selection of sample trade routes,types of cargo and ship types. Currently, five types of goods were chosen as the sample goods, namely coal, grain, metal ore, product oil, crude oil. Selected trade routes and associated ship types were listed as follows: 
    Coal:      
    Qinhuangdao - Guangzhou(50000-60000 Dwt)     Qinhuangdao - Fuzhou(30000-40000 Dwt)     Qinhuangdao - Ningbo(15000-20000 Dwt)     Qinhuangdao - Shanghai (40000-50000 Dwt)     Qinhuangdao - Zhangjiagang (20000-30000 Dwt)     Tianjin - Shanghai(20000-30000 Dwt)     Tianjin - Zhenjiang(10000-15000 Dwt)     Huanghua - Shanghai(30000 – 40000 Dwt)     Jingtang -
    Caofeidian(40000 – 50000 Dwt)
    Grain:      
    Dalian/Jinzhou – Guangzhou(20000 – 30000 Dwt)     Yingkou – Shenzhen(40000 – 50000 Dwt)
    Metal ore:
    Qingdao/Rizhao – Zhangjiagang(20000-30000 Dwt)     Beilun – Zhenjiang
    (30000 – 40000 Dwt)     Zhoushan – Zhangjiagang(5000 – 10000 Dwt)
    Product oil:      
    Dalian – Guangzhou (Diesel) (30000 – 40000 Dwt)     Dalian – Nanjing (Diesel) (5000 – 10000 Dwt)     Tianjin – Wenzhou/Taizhou (Diesel) (2000 – 5000 Dwt)
    Crude oil:
     Ningbo/Zhoushan – Nanjing (30000 – 40000 Dwt)     Ningbo – Shanghai (30000 – 40000 Dwt)     Guangzhou – Nanjing (30000 – 40000 Dwt) 

3. Collection of freight information. At present, 32 panelists provide freight information. They are:    Chang Jiang Shipping Group Phoenix Co., Ltd.     Dalian Port Wantong Logistics Co.,Ltd.     Dalian Haid
    King-Hedger Commodity Trading Co., Ltd.     Dalian Yuanchang Shipping Co.,Ltd.     Deqin Group Co., Ltd     Fujian Guohang Ocean Shipping(Group)Co., Ltd.     Fujian Shipping Company     Fujian 
    Xiamen Shipping Corporation     Guang Dong Shipping Co., Ltd.     Guangzhou Port Group Co.,Ltd.     Cargill Investments(China)Ltd.     Jiangsu Weilun Shipping Co.,Ltd.     Nanjing Tanker
    Corporation     Ningbo Port Company Limited     Ningbo Marine Co., Ltd.     Ningbo Ningfeng Fuel Delivery Co., Ltd.     Qinghuadao Port Co.,Ltd.     Rizhao Tengxiang Ocean Shipping Co.,Ltd.     Shanghai International Port(Group) Co.,Ltd     Shanghai Leading Energy Shipping Co., Ltd.     Shanghai Time Shipping Co.,Ltd.     Shenhua Zhonghai Shipping Co.,Ltd.     Shenzhen Ocean Shipping Co.,
    Ltd.     Tianjin Port(Group) Co.,Ltd.     Yangpu Zhehai Shipping Co.,Ltd.     Zhejiang Shipping Group Co.,Ltd     Zhejiang Materials Industry Fuel Group Co.,Ltd.     China Shipping (Group)Company     PetroChina Dalian Marine Shipping Company     China Coal Energy Company Limited     Zhoushan Zhehua Petroleum Transport Co., Ltd.     Zhoushan Zhongchang Shipping Co.,Ltd.

4. Publication: CBFI composite index, the individual freight indexes of trade routes, individual cargo indexes and major cargo freight rate on the specific trade routes will be issued on the publication day each week (Friday). &"

 

 

China Coastal Bulk Coal Freight Index (CBCFI) /em> 

(from ChineseShipping.com.cn)  " For the purpose of timely reflecting frequent and drastic fluctuation of freight rates of China’s coastal coal transport market, and implementing the instructions of the State Council in the Opinions on Building “Two Centers” in Shanghai, “…to enrich shipping finance product lines, speed up development of shipping freight index derivatives and create favorable conditions for Chinese shipping enterprises to control transport risks…”, Shanghai Shipping Exchange has, on the basis of existing system of China (Coastal) Bulk Freight Index (CBFI), developed the China (Coastal) Bulk Coal Freight Index (CBCFI) and will publicize the composite index and spot rates of different routes/types of vessels of coastal coal service market every day. The trial run starts on Sept. 1st 2011. The methodology of compiling and publicizing freight indices is:

1.Base Period :  
     
CBCFI takes Sept. 1st 2011 as the base period and the base index is 1,000 points.

2.Sample Routes and Types of Vessel:   
     CBCFI includes 9 routes, namely Qinhuangdao—Guangzhou (50,000-60,000DWT), Qinhuangdao—Fuzhou (30,000-40,000DWT), Qinhuangdao—Ningbo (15,000-20,000DWT), Qinhuangdao—
     Shanghai (40,000-50,000DWT), Qinhuangdao—Zhangjiagang (20,000-30,000DWT), Tianjin—Shanghai (20,000-30,000DWT), Tianjin—Zhenjiang (10,000-15,000DWT), Huanghua—Shanghai
     (30,000-40,000DWT) and Jintang/Caofeidian—Ningbo (40,000-50,000DWT).

3.Collection of Freight Information:
      
The CBCFI freight information is provided by the China (Coastal) Bulk Freight Index Panel every day. See the introduction of CBFI for the list of panelists.

4. Means of Publication :
      
Shanghai Shipping Exchange publicizes CBCFI at the official website www.chineseshipping.com.cn at 15:00 (Beijing Time) of each date of index publication. Users may log on to the websites of
      Shanghai Shipping Exchange for the latest information.  The detailed dates of index publication of CBCFI will be announced by Shanghai Shipping Exchange. When necessary and in reasonable cases,
      Shanghai Shipping Exchange may cancel or postpone publication of indices. &"

 

Bunkerworld Indices/font>

BUNKERWORLD Index (BWI): "The BWI is a weighted daily index made up of 20 key bunkering ports. To obtain a representative geographical spread, the ports were selected by size with reference to their geographical importance. The main grades IFO380, IFO180, MDO and MGO are all included in the spread proportionate to their importance to the bunker market. The BWI is transparent, independently calculated and based on the accurate and highly regarded Bunkerworld Benchmark Prices (BBP). The BBP is set for each port every day at a certain time and is included in the Index. The BWI, as a whole, is set daily at 18:00 GMT. The BWI represents the fundamentals for bunker fuel market price changes and is a versatile vehicle. It gives you access to market movements without the need to analyse multiple port price shifts. It can also be regarded as an international barometer of the bunker fuel markets and could be useful as a basis for setting bunker fuel futures, swaps or OTC contracts, as well as providing an independent basis for the calculation of bunker surcharges."

            (The previous description and the chart below are taken from the official webpage at http://www.bunkerworld.com))

Bunkerworld Distillate Indexspan style="text-decoration: none"> (BWDI): "TThe BWDI is a combined daily average dollar value index of MDO (marine diesel oil) and MGO (marine gasoil) distillate fuels from the same 20 key bunkering ports used to calculate the BWI (Bunkerworld Index). To obtain a representative geographical spread, the ports were selected by size with reference to their geographical importance. The BWDI Index is transparent, independently calculated and based on the accurate and highly regarded Bunkerworld Benchmark Prices (BBP). The BBP is set for each port every day at a certain time and is included in the Index. The BWDI Index, as a whole, is set daily at 18:00 GMT. The BWDI represents the fundamentals for distillate fuel market price changes and is a versatile vehicle. It gives you access to market movements without the need to analyse multiple port price shifts. It can also be regarded as an international barometer of the distillate fuel markets and could be useful as a basis for setting distillate fuel futures, swaps or OTC contracts, as well as providing an independent basis for the calculation of fuel surcharges."

            (The previous description and the chart below are taken from the official webpage at http://www.bunkerworld.com))

 

CPB (Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis)   World Trade Data

(from CPB Memorandum) "The CPB world trade database contains foreign trade value series of 23 OECD countries and around 60 emerging economies.
Those 60 emerging economies cover approximately 90% of foreign trade of all emerging economies. With the almost 85 countries in the database, coverage of total world trade value is around 97%.

The two primary sources used for the value series concerning imports and exports are:
1. OECD Main Economic Indicators (MEI)
2. IMF International Financial Statistics (IFS)

These two sources contain data provided by national statistical offices and customs offices. MEI trade series are already seasonally adjusted. The international organisations have done for some of the series the seasonal adjustment and the switch from local currency in US dollars. Almost all MEI trade series are calendar-adjusted.9 All IFS trade series are not seasonally adjusted and not calendar-adjusted. IFS trade series used are seasonally adjusted by us. However, calendar adjustments are not made.

 These primary sources are complemented with data directly taken from national sources. Moreover, if the two primary sources do not cover the most recent data releases, the series are updated using the information available on the internet-sites of national statistical offices and central banks, the national summary data pages of the IMF’s Dissemination Standard Bulletin Board (DSBB) or through Thomson/Datastream (based on releases of national statistical offices and of central banks).
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For recent months, information of some of the smaller countries may not be available. If so, value growth of such a country is set equal to that of its own region calculated on the available country information. Data series for the OPEC countries in particular are either missing completely or not very up to date in the IFS. Estimation of missing OPEC trade data is carried out in a special way. Concerning import values, use is made of the information on exports of OECD countries to OPEC countries as available in the OECD Monthly Statistics of International Trade or directly from national sources. This is supplemented with estimates on exports of non-OECD countries to OPEC. Concerning export values of OPEC countries, use is made of volume and price information available in the monthly Oil Market Report of the International Energy Agency.

The data series of the emerging economies are aggregated into series for 4 regions by adding up value series in US dollars. The following regions are distinguished: 1. OPEC 2. Asian newly industrialised countries (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea) 3. Transition countries (central and eastern European countries including Turkey and including countries that were part of the Soviet Union) 4. Other emerging countries..."

" - World trade volume series : Comparison with the OECD Main Economic Indicators:
There are five key differences between the world trade series of the MEI and the CPB:
1. The CPB series are more up to date. For instance in December 2004, the MEI series ends in the second quarter and the CPB series in October. The additional information of up to four months is in our view crucial in monitoring world trade and the world economy.
2. The MEI series is for non-OECD countries for the most recent quarters largely based on projections, while the CPB series is based on published data for key non-OECD countries covering 75 to 80% of foreign trade of this group of countries.
3. The MEI only provides a disaggregation in OECD and non-OECD trade series, while the CPB trade database provides a much richer disaggregation.
4. The MEI series concerns goods and services based on national accounts data; the CPB series concerns goods and is mainly based on international trade statistics.
5. The MEI series are not accompanied by a series on world trade prices; the CPB world trade database provides both series on world trade volume and world trade prices as well as world trade values.

Despite these differences, the two series are very similar (see Figure 3.1, Figure 3.2 and Table 3.1 here ). The correlation between the annual growth rates is 0.98, while the difference between the growth rates in the years 1992-2003 is only 0.1%-point per year. For most recent quarters, world trade has been increasing somewhat stronger according to the CPB. However, this difference may diminish when projections for non-OECD countries are replaced by actual data in the MEI series..."

" - World trade volume series : Comparison with the OECD Economic Outlook
Historical data (and projections) on world trade are also presented in the OECD Economic Outlook. As in the OECD Main Economic Indicators, it concerns the world trade in goods and services based on national accounts statistics. Nevertheless, there are clear differences between the two series; the most likely reason is different underlying series for non-OECD regions. The differences between the Outlook series and the CPB series are somewhat bigger than between the MEI and CPB series (see Figure 3.3 and Table 3.2 here)..."

" - World trade volume series : Comparison with the IMF World Economic Outlook
 Historical data (and projections) on world trade in goods are also presented in the IMF World Economic Outlook. No information is provided on the underlying statistics. However, as data on world trade in goods and services is also provided, the series is probably based on national accounts statistics. Concerning the world trade in goods, the series of the CPB and the IMF are quite similar
(see Figure 3.4 and Table 3.3 here)... "

" - World trade volume series : Comparison with the WTO world trade database
 Historical data on world total merchandise export and import volumes are also available in the WTO world trade database and in the annual WTO publication International Trade Statistics. The series are based on a range of different international and national sources. Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a two tier process. First, export and import unit values from national and international sources are completed with WTO Secretariat estimates for missing data. They are then aggregated to obtain regional totals. The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for each region by the corresponding regional unit value index. Second, to obtain the total world merchandise volume index, regional unit value indices are aggregated and the world trade value is deflated by the world unit value index. Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the previous year are used.
The WTO series are quite different from the series from the CPB, OECD MEI, OECD EO and IMF WEO (see Figure 3.6, Table 3.5 and Annex Table A.1). Main reason is probably the use of unit value series instead of proper price series..."

" - Final remarks
The CPB world trade series provide more up-to-date information than other available series, making it clearly more useful in assessing the current economic situation (nowcasting). With good information on the current economic situation essential for forecasting, this up-to-date information enhances the accuracy of the CPB forecasts of the world economy and thus for the Dutch economy. The CPB series contains up to four months more recent information than the world trade series presented in the OECD Main Economic Indicators (MEI). Moreover, the most recent data are more based on actual data for the non-OECD countries and less on projections and assumptions. A third essential advantage of the CPB world trade database above the MEI is that it contains the underlying series, allowing more detailed analysis of world trade and the calculation of export market growth. A fourth advantage is that the CPB world trade volume series is accompanied by a world trade price series. In the future, the CPB trade database may be elaborated by introducing foreign trade prices for more individual non-OECD countries, reducing the role of constructed prices. Moreover, it is considered to shift to a chain-link approach in the construction of trade prices on non-OECD regions. "/strong>

                                              The full Explanatory note on the CPB world trade series can be found here. 

                                              Latest World Trade data by the CPB World Trade monitor .

 

Additional references for the interested reader

 Maritime Economics
 Elements of Shipping
 The Business of Shipping
 Shipping Finance
 Shipping Company Strategies: Global Management under Turbulent Conditions
 Shipping Strategy: Innovating for Success
 The Geography of Transport Systems
 The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger

 

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